Even though most of what moves around the world travels by ocean freight, a growing volume of goods travels via plane, with about 13% of that air cargo passing through the Gulf.
The new routes will take longer, and some shipping companies are adding a surcharge to compensate for the additional risk, as well as the extra fuel and labor.
About a fifth of the global supply of liquified natural gas comes through the Gulf, primarily from Qatar. With that supply halted, possibly for weeks, major importers in Europe and Asia will need to look elsewhere.
"We're in a world where markets and investors are increasingly uncertain about where their money is safe," said Julia Coronado of MarcoPolicy Perspectives.