Professor Carly Urban at the University of Montana says respondents who use smartphones in online surveys are more likely to answer questions incorrectly compared to those who answer surveys on computers or tablets.

According to surveys by the FINRA Foundation, our knowledge of personal finance here in the U.S. went down by 15% between 2009 and 2021.
But what if it actually didn't? What if the technology we use to answer the questions is now getting in the way?
In 2021, over half of all respondents used a smartphone to fill out the survey. In 2009, none of them used one, according to data from FINRA’s National Financial Capability Study.
A new working paper finds that when people use smartphones for surveys they're more likely to respond with the wrong answer or say they don't know.
Marketplace’s Stephanie Hughes spoke with Montana State University economics professor Carly Urban, one of the authors of the paper, to learn more.
Is Financial Knowledge Really Declining? Randomized Evidence on the Effects of Smartphone Responses