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Auto union drove GM to trouble

Kevin Hassett, director of economic policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute

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TEXT OF COMMENTARY

Tess Vigeland: As we discussed earlier, the Obama administration forced General Motors CEO Rick Wagoner to resign this weekend as part of the government's effort to save the ailing automaker. The firing-by-any-other-name was positioned as being in the best interests of GM's future. But with or without Wagoner, GM's future remains in question. Commentator Kevin Hassett says there may be more politics than economics at work here.


KEVIN HASSETT: President Obama has a huge political debt to the unions and that's why he's avoiding the obvious solution to the auto crisis.

Historically, failing American companies like GM have entered bankruptcy. In bankruptcy, they either liquidate or, if the firm is worth saving, reorganize.

Bankruptcy reorganizations are painful for stakeholders. Hard-nosed judges give workers, managers and debtors severe haircuts in order to reshape a firm into a new organism that can thrive again. But bankruptcy can work. Most everyone has flown on an airline that has emerged from a successful bankruptcy.

This economic crisis is unique in history in that troubled firms have sought protection from politicians, rather than bankruptcy courts. Why? Because if you're politically connected, you can expect a much better deal from politicians than you would ever get from a worldly and experienced bankruptcy judge.

GM is in deep trouble mostly because the United Auto Workers have festooned the company with rigid work rules and extravagant costs. The 2007 collective-bargaining agreement, for example, required the automaker to pay up to $140,000 in severance to a worker whose position was eliminated. And that is nothing compared to the enormous health-care costs these companies are laden with. The average cost of employing a worker at the Big Three, including benefits, was nearly twice that of Japanese automakers. No wonder the automakers are hemorrhaging cash.

A bankruptcy judge would bring some reason to labor costs and create a GM that could emerge stronger. But the unions have a better idea. They plan to use taxpayer money to fund their juicy compensation. And they know they can count on Obama and the Democrats to help them. All told, organized labor contributed over $74 million in the 2008 campaign cycle, 92 percent of that went to Democrats.

History will tell a simple story about GM: Union bosses successfully negotiated sweetheart packages that destroyed GM's competitiveness. If Obama was serious about creating an enterprise that can thrive in the future, he would have demanded that the union bosses resign along with Wagoner. Instead, it's payback time.

VIGELAND: Kevin Hassett is the director of economic studies at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C.

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Nick Plaskon - Feb 28, 2010

This is the same "economist" that predicted the Dow would hit 36,000 by 2010-wrote a book on it.Same old tired pro-business, anti-union blather.

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FL McKennon - Dec 31, 2009

My 2004 Chevy truck runs like a top with no problems. I would stack it against a toyota anyday. The union workers are not the problem. The issue comes when hiring processes include EEOC. You do not get the best workers and are forced to keep them via union rules. Think of it like the Post Office - a failed business due entirely to the workforce.

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Tom Pokladowski - May 2, 2009

If you believe the Motley Fool and other “stock advisors” in the business press, 90% of GM’s losses can be attributed to the UAW which accounts for 10% of a vehicle’s cost.

The math may seem a bit obtuse but the politics is clear as fizz. The UAW’s disproportionate responsibility for the automakers’ unprofitability is based on the same sort of accounting whiz that led GM to claim they lost $39 billion in November 2007 due to “deferred tax credits”.

If it smells like b.s. and it looks like b.s., trust your common sense and skip the taste test.

Thanks to corporate welfare GM accumulated more tax deductions than they could take in a year. So they deferred the tax deductions and booked them as an asset until the asset got so fat it attracted the attention of auditors who asked — “quote unquote”— What the f##k is this?

Wagoner was quick to assure the Fools not to puzzle their pretty heads. The $39 billion wasn’t actually a loss of cash, he said, since it never had a tangible, marketable existence. It was merel y an accounting gimmick — a fancy — like paper wings.

The Fools refer to compensation like pension and health care as “welfare”, despite the fact that unlike “deferred tax credits”, the compensation was earned by productive labor. It’s no wonder the Fools are having trouble figuring out what part of GM is losing what, and how much, and why. They ignore the obvious and thumb their noses at analysis. For example:

GM sold 4.4 million vehicles in the US in 1992 and employed
265,000 UAW members.
GM sold 4.5 million vehicles in the US in 2007 and employed
73,000 UAW members.

A company can’t make productivity improvements as astounding as that and lose money on labor. Something else is shaking the timbers. Maybe we should question the competitiveness of salary workers? How do they compare with their Japanese counterparts in compensation and achievement? Or more precisely, who’s controlling the money?

Since GM sold as many vehicles in the US in 2007 as they did in 1992 and employed 192,000 less UAW members, profits should be way up by any accounting standard. Unless of course, profits were siphoned off into investments overseas, dividends, bonuses, or unaccountable black holes of financial rigamarole. (In 2005 GM paid Fiat $2 billion dollars to get out of a “put option” that would have required GM to purchase Fiat.)

GM sold over 9 million vehicles worldwide in 2005, 06, and 07. If GM lost money on sales that enormous, Wagoner wouldn’t have been awarded a $23 million payoff. He would’ve been put up against the wall and shot. What does the Board of Bystanders know that we don’t know?

For20starters, GM manufactures vehicles in thirty-five countries. GM has been expanding in emerging markets for twenty years and hasn’t let up on the gas. In September 2008 GM launched construction of a $250 million corporate campus in Shanghai. GM invests about $1 billion per year to expand production in China. In April 2008 GM announced a plan to build a $200 million engine plant in Brazil. GM opened a second plant in India in September 2008, bringing its production capacity there to 225,000 vehicles per year. It also announced plans to double the number of dealerships and service centers throughout India. In November 2008, GM opened a $300 million plant on the outskirts of St.. Petersburg that will produce 70,000 cars per year. In March 2009 a venture partly owned by GM through its Korean subsidiary Daewoo, announced a plan to open a new car plant in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, to produce 15,000 Chevrolets per year and create 1,200 jobs. Along side this international expansion GM announced the closure of twelve plants in the US in 2007. In 2008 GM added five more to the list of plant closings..

GM is on the march but according to the folks who call $39 billion in “deferred tax credits” an asset, the UAW must get leaner and “welfare” for blue collars workers should be axed so “unearned income” for the leisure class can get jacked up.

The $39 billion asset was a boondoggle, it never existed, not even as an unhatched egg, let a lone a chicken. It wasn’t a loss of cash, it was an auditor’s correction of crooked bookkeeping. But it helped steamroll the union and trumpet the demand to dump legacy costs. Labor’s legacy of profit was invested outside North America, but that shouldn’t make the debt uncollectable. Labor deserves to benefit from the investment of its legacy profits. Labor has a legitimate lien on capital.

This has been obvious since 2005 when Delphi first filed for bankruptcy. Delphi transferred assets overseas. They insisted that assets outside the jurisdiction of US courts were profitable, but untouchable. When Delphi proposed to cut wages in half and eliminate retirement benefits, we were warned that Delphi was the lead domino, and the wage and legacy cut would ripple through the economy. We were warned that the restructuring would spiral down and the impact on the econom y would be profound and permanent.

It doesn’t require a degree in economics to figure out that workers making $14 per hour don’t buy new cars. They don’t buy homes and they don’t invest their savings in the stock market. They live paycheck to paycheck. Restricted income leads to boycott by default. The economic blowback won’t end with the Detroit Three.

When GM’s labor costs reach parity with Toyota, Toyota will ratchet wages down again. The automotive industry is too entrenched in our national economy not to have a cascading impact on wages throughout the country.20The dominos won’t stop falling at the end of the assembly line. They’ll keep tumbling until every one is down.

If the Detroit Three can’t sell cars to their own workers, it doesn’t matter how cheap they buy labor. The market is going down. It’s the paradox of thrift. When savings isn’t invested at home, in production as opposed to speculation, it reduces demand and inhibits growth.

The double whammy of free trade and de-unionization in the US compounded the thrift paradox. The savings extracted from cheap, non union labor was invested overseas. The companies’ thrift strategy undermined their most loyal customers — employees and communities in the US.

What can workers do? What’s our alternative? Strikes are worse than useless when the company wants to reduce inventory.

We are left with one option: the20wallet vote. We aren’t buying your crap anymore.

We won’t buy anything we can’t eat and we’ll be growing our own. We aren’t investing our life savings in banks or stocks or bonds. We are opting out of the system controlled by crooks and liars. In a rational society workers could petition the government to invest in productive enterprises that create jobs, but we don’t have a socialist democracy. We have a government controlled by money changers and pissant politicians.

Unaccounted billions are turned over to private financial institutions. A pittance is dedicated to20temporary job creation, and nothing is invested in manufacturing. Stop-loss loans that require collateral damage — layoffs and plant closings — as a condition of remission do not constitute investment. The arsenal of democracy has been outsourced to China, Brazil, and Uzbekistan.

Stuffing pockets at AIG, Bank of America, etcetera.... is not investing, it’s speculation, it’s casino capitalism. It’s a massive transfer of wealth from the working class to a cadre of people who live off unearned income.

Zero dollars have been invested by our government in regenerative, productive, industrial capacity. The paradox of thrift is self defeat. If government funds aren’t used to promote the prowess and ingenuity of manufacturing in the US, we won’t see recovery, we’ll see depression in capital letters.

The US market didn’t dry up natu rally, it was raped and murdered. Unlike the Fools, we know the perps aren’t the ones with dirt under their fingernails. The government has not, to date, gone door to door confiscating guns, but the oligarchy is methodically stripping the nation of toolmakers.

We are led to believe a lie when leaders degrade labor in honor of false profits.

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